Legislation

  • Study on Convergences and Divergences of Free Trade Agreements in the APEC Region

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    This report has been prepared pursuant to the project “Study on Convergences and Divergences of Free Trade Agreements in the APEC region”, which consists of conducting a study to compare the content of the following Regional Trade Agreements/Free Trade Agreements (RTA/FTAs): The objective of the study is to discuss areas of convergence and divergence across… Read more

  • Highlights of the 2024 APEC Leaders’ Machu Picchu Declaration

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    The 2024 APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting concluded in Lima, Peru, with the issuance of the Machu Picchu Declaration, underscoring the commitment of the 21 member economies to foster inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region. Key Highlights of the Declaration: The Machu Picchu Declaration reflects APEC’s ongoing efforts to address regional challenges and… Read more

  • Digital Trade Governance: The UK’s Approach

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    Digital technologies have affected international trade relations and what is traded across borders, giving rise to digital trade. Digital trade has become an important part of international trade discussions, requiring specific policies and measures at different regulatory levels. Together these are referred to as digital trade governance. Good digital trade governance aims to enable cross-border… Read more

  • Data and Digital Trade

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    The global economy has experienced a rapid growth in digitally facilitated and delivered trade in goods and services. The Government has adopted a “consciously broad” definition of digital trade to reflect this trend. While we understand that trade is increasingly digital, such breadth may be an obstacle to identifying areas for improvement. We suggest that… Read more

  • Understanding the EU’s PSD3 Directive and PSR Regulation: Key Changes and Implications

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    The European Commission has introduced two significant legislative proposals: the third Payment Services Directive (PSD3) and the Payment Services Regulation (PSR). These initiatives aim to enhance the European payments market by building upon the foundations of PSD2, striving for greater harmonization and reducing national discrepancies. Objectives of PSD3 and PSR The primary goals of PSD3… Read more

  • Basics of Risk Management in Trade

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    The clearance of goods to enter a market is often considered a balance between facilitating and controlling. The latter is checking that the goods are compliant with all relevant rules and regulations, corresponding to legitimate regulatory objectives. This may include consumer health and safety, safeguarding the environment, compliance with social norms or aiming to achieve… Read more

  • UNCITRAL’s Framework for Negotiable Cargo Documents: Modernizing International Trade

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    The UNCITRAL Negotiable Cargo Documents framework is designed to modernize and harmonize the legal rules governing documents used in the transport of goods, particularly in international trade. These documents, commonly known as bills of lading, play a crucial role in shipping by serving as evidence of the contract of carriage, a receipt for the goods,… Read more

  • Data (Use and Access) Bill [HL]

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    A bill designed to address access to both customer and business data, this legislation aims to regulate services that involve using information to determine and confirm facts about individuals. It also focuses on the recording, sharing, and maintaining of registers concerning apparatus located in streets. Additionally, the bill outlines the management and upkeep of registers… Read more

  • Overview of EU eIDAS 2.0 Regulation

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    eIDAS 2.0 represents a significant upgrade to the European Union’s electronic Identification, Authentication, and Trust Services (eIDAS) regulation. This enhancement aims to refine and expand cross-border digital identity solutions and trust services, thereby allowing citizens and businesses to securely access a wide range of public and private services across the EU. By enhancing trust services… Read more

  • UK Export Finance’s Impact Framework

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    UKEF’s Impact Framework sets out how the department will measure the real-world impact of its financial support, while aligning with government priorities for growth, clean energy and industrial strategy. Each year, UKEF provides billions of pounds of financial support, helping businesses across the whole of the UK to export. This support is crucial, allowing UK… Read more