Analyses
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Navigating the Intersection of International Trade Law and Global Data Governance: Challenges and Strategies
In an era where data has become the backbone of economic growth and innovation, the intersection of international trade law and global data governance presents both opportunities and challenges. The growing digital economy relies heavily on cross-border data flows, yet regulatory frameworks vary significantly across jurisdictions. As countries implement data protection, cybersecurity, and competition laws,… Read more
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The Role of Base Added Attachments (BAA) in the Arab Digital Strategy: Enhancing Trade, Trade Finance, and Logistics
The Arab Digital Agenda (ADA) 2023–2033 serves as a comprehensive framework for digital transformation across the Arab region, addressing key economic sectors such as trade, trade finance, and logistics. The integration of Base Added Attachments (BAA) within this digital ecosystem is poised to revolutionize these sectors by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and security. Understanding Base Added… Read more
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In today’s rapidly evolving digital economy, the integration of trade and finance has the potential to create a more inclusive, efficient, and resilient global marketplace. However, fragmentation, interoperability challenges, and financing gaps, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), continue to pose significant barriers to achieving this vision. The report highlights key challenges and opportunities… Read more
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Achieving Australia’s Digital Economy Strategy for Trade by 2030
Australia’s ambition to become a leading digital economy by 2030 requires comprehensive modernization of its trade and finance systems. The shift to a digital economy will involve leveraging emerging technologies, aligning with global standards, and implementing key legal frameworks. This article explores how Australia can achieve this vision, emphasizing legal reforms, technological innovations, and the… Read more
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Fiji’s National Development Plan (NDP) 2025-2029 highlights economic resilience, diversification, and digital transformation as key pillars for national growth. In this context, digital trade and the digital economy are critical for Fiji’s future, fostering economic inclusivity, innovation, and global competitiveness. The government’s vision aligns with leveraging technology to drive growth in e-commerce, financial services, and… Read more
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Indirect Taxation of e-Commerce and Digital Trade: Implications for Developing Countries
Digital transformation is drastically changing how people and businesses interact and conduct commerce. It is transforming social, business, and economic norms and changing the way we interact, consume and do business. This facilitates e-commerce in both existing and emerging markets and allows for more products to be delivered digitally. New opportunities for growth exist as… Read more
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A Path to Paperless Trade: Analysing the Legal Gaps and Economic Benefit of Adopting or Maintaining a Legal Framework that Takes into Account the MLETR
APEC has an opportunity to realise the significant benefits arising from paperless trade in the region. APEC wide adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR), or equivalent arrangements, can help to achieve this. The benefits of moving along this path to paperless trade are significant – estimated to be as high… Read more
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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are widely recognized as engines for growth and inclusion, particularly in EMDEs (namely Bangladesh, Republic of China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan and Vietnam). They play a crucial role in fostering economic development by creating jobs, stimulating innovation, and driving competition. In most EMDEs, MSMEs constitute a significant portion of… Read more
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Study on Convergences and Divergences of Free Trade Agreements in the APEC Region
This report has been prepared pursuant to the project “Study on Convergences and Divergences of Free Trade Agreements in the APEC region”, which consists of conducting a study to compare the content of the following Regional Trade Agreements/Free Trade Agreements (RTA/FTAs): The objective of the study is to discuss areas of convergence and divergence across… Read more
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Public Key Infrastructure: Implementing High-Trust Electronic Signatures
As countries progress in their digital transformation journeys, establishing trust in digital interactions becomes increasingly vital. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a critical enabler of secure and trustworthy electronic transactions, constituting a key component of a country’s digital public infrastructure. This policy note focuses on how governments can effectively implement PKI at a national level—complementing… Read more